Pesticides Effects
There are many important issues in the
world regarding the environment and it's
affects on the average person.
Though, the one that hits closest to home,
worldwide, is the trust that
individuals have in the food that they consume. Yet
pesticides are still
found daily in foods all around the world. Pesticides are
toxins that are
used by produce growers universally to control pests that can
destroy crops.
These toxins are being ingested by humans in the forms of fruits
and
vegetables that have remaining toxins on them. How safe are these toxins
to
humans and what is being done to safeguard the environment as well as the
health
of individuals? Does the average person consume harmful amounts of
poison at
every meal? If the levels are unsafe, why is this problem
continuing to get a
blind eye from the people who are supposed to protect
society? These questions
when asked only lead to more questions. Until things
are done to change the
systems of pesticide usage universally, society can
never be sure as to the long
term effects on our environment and what they
are eating or giving to the future
of our world, the children. In some
foreign countries pesticides are used more
frequently with legislative
control than in the United States. In Mexico and
South America, for
example, many of the pesticides that the United States and
Europe have
banned, wind up being used on a majority of their produce crops. The
largest
problem with this is that Europe and the United States import from
South
America for produce all of the time. What good does it do to ban
harmful
agricultural chemicals to be used on domestically grown crops if
crops in other
countries are grown with these same harmful chemicals, and are
then allowed to
be imported? Mexico and South America are the leading
suppliers of produce for
the earth's population because their climate is very
conducive to year around
crops. Unfortunately those countries are also known
for their large amount of
insects of all varieties. These insects are
steadily becoming more and more
immune to toxins that are sprayed on crops.
More than five hundred insects, one
hundred and fifty plant diseases and two
hundred and seventy weeds are now
resistant to pesticides. Results are that
U.S. growers as well, are steadily
forced to apply more and stronger toxins.
As the amount and the strength of the
toxin increases, the immunity of the
targeted insects to these toxins also
increases. Total U.S. crop losses from
insect damage has nearly doubled since
1945. Insecticide use during this
same time has increased tenfold. This war will
go on being waged until the
game plan is changed. The produce export trade in
some cities and countries
constitutes the majority of their economy and they
will protect the resulting
income at all costs. These places have very little
legislation to control
chemical usage, and follow up on almost none of its
effects. Officials do not
care how it affects consumers, being adults or
children. Even their own
agricultural worker's health is of no concern. These
officials only care
about producing crops and exporting them with as little
overhead as possible.
The bottom line is, always has been, and always will be
money. In Villa
Juarez, Mexico, many children who work in the produce fields are
coming down
with mysterious illnesses and some people in this region put the
blame
directly on those children's contact with the chemical acephate and
other
pesticides that are used in that area. The use of acephate is illegal
in the
United States, but is perfectly legal in Mexico. Doctors in Juarez
are treating
unusually high amounts of cancer and also fifty to eighty cases
of chemical
poisoning per week in their agricultural workers. This continues
to happen
because the government and the growers do not take these illnesses
seriously;
the workers are expendable. Growers in Culcan Valley, Mexico use
chemicals to
increase production of produce sold in the U.S. every winter.
Unfortunately,
studies that were preformed by the Government Accounting
office in Mexico showed
that at least six pesticides that are illegal in the
U.S. were still on the
produce when it was exported. Moving on to South
America, in Chile there are no
clear guidelines governing the use of
agricultural chemicals on produce crops.
In the city of Rancaga, a large
fruit growing region, a study was done to check
the risks that rural workers
face, and what they found was astounding. Dr. Maria
Mella found that
there is an alarming amount of sterility and birth defects due
to exposure to
chemical pesticides in agricultural workers. Congenial
deformities were five
times higher, and multiple deformities were a shocking
four times higher than
normal in this part of South America. These studies were
conducted by the
Women's Institute and were based on ten thousand infants born
in this region.
Dr. Mella insists that these chemicals cause deformities in
infants,
sterility in workers, and induced miscarriages. Horribly, she
approximates
that up to sixty percent of pesticides used on wheat in South
America are
still present on the bread when it is consumed. Seeing how harmful
pesticides
can be to the workers who create the produce, one must wonder how
much it can
affect the consumer, maybe it depends on the strength and the
harmfulness of
the chemicals. In Chile, many pesticides are derived from
Thalidomide, a
sleeping pill used in the 1950's, but it was removed from the
United
States when it was found to be responsible for severe deformities in
infants,
infants born without limbs. Other pesticides that are used in Chile
are
parathon, paraquat, and lindane. They have already been banned in most
other
countries. Chile is among the countries with the weakest and least
restrictive
legislation on the control of pesticides. They also use products
like
pentachlophenal, which is a highly toxic fungicide used on their crops.
It
usually ends up seeping into ground water, which in turn is consumed
by
individuals and attacks the central nervous system. We import strawberries
and
grapes from Chile every day in America that probably contains one or more
of
these harmful chemicals. We also import a great percentage of our bananas
from
Costa Rica. The banana industry runs the government there because
banana
exportation is the major economic income for Costa Rica and they
donate much of
their efforts to keeping up the banana crops. In Costa Rica,
banana production
accounts for five percent of the land, twenty percent of
their export revenues,
and a whopping thirty-five percent of their pesticide
business. Workers start
applying toxins early in the production of bananas
because they are susceptible
to insects. They apply about thirty kilograms of
active pesticides per acre, per
year and they spray fungicide up to forty
times per year. This is ten times
higher than the normal amount used on
produce. The Worldwide Health Organization
says that the pesticides used in
South America are the most dangerous in the
world. Growers use chemicals like
fenamifos, etoprop, and paraquat, all of which
are banned or are being
reviewed. Exposure of workers to these chemicals has
caused blindness,
sterility and even death. The growers use such high amounts of
chemicals
because worm infestation is high in fledging bananas. Therefore,
workers tie
bags of pesticides directly on young banana bunches, but when the
wind blows,
the bags are swept into streams and rivers. It is the people of
Costa
Rica who pay a high price for bananas. Many well-known names in the
banana
business grow their bananas in Costa Rica. Chiquita, Dole, and Del
Monte are
just a few, for example, that have fields there. They claim that
they are
concerned for the health of the consumers and workers, but they have
actually
done very little to change the way pesticides are being handled and
tested. The
Costa Rican regulatory service is responsible for checking up
on banana growers,
but the head of the department has admitted that he has
never visited a banana
plantation because he has no funding for vehicles.
What kind of dummy
organization is this? The only checks that are being
conducted are randomly done
when they are exporting the bananas. There has
never been a case when the
bananas entering the United States, were checked,
did not exceed the limits of
pesticide residue. Growers are more concerned
with how their bananas look that
if they are harmful to the consumer. This
leads to the question, why does the
United States allow the produce into
its supermarkets? Who is getting paid? Over
half of the U.S. House of
Representatives has agreed to sign a new bill that
will weaken the federal
laws regarding high-risk pesticides in foods and water.
Maybe this is
because these same representatives have been traced to thirteen
million
dollars donated to them in the name of campaign contributions.
Who
contributed this money? The pesticide industry contributed most of the
thirteen
million, and they have steadily filled the pockets of our
trusted
representatives for sometime. But what about Americans, they spend
ten percent
of their incomes and food for their families, but for what? To be
poisoned? The
Food and Drug Administration and the USDA share
responsibility for checking the
levels of toxins in the U.S. foods, but the
toxins are still being allowed to
exceed the U.S. definitions of safety for
adults, but not for children. The
toxins that are included in these
guidelines derive from an unlikely source. Not
only are the pesticides that
we are using harming produce, the fertilizers as
well are just as harmful.
Farmers think they are helping there are plants, but
instead they are really
creating toxic foods. Pollution industries send millions
of pounds of toxic
waste, which include lead, dioxin and arsenic. These are
wastes, which would
otherwise be subject to rigorous, and hazardous waste
disposal laws are sold
to fertilizer and pesticide companies under the disguise
of "recycling."
These wastes are incorporated into commercial
pesticides and fertilizers and
then applied to the nation's farmland. The
Environmental Working Group
discovered that two hundred and seventy-one million
pounds of toxic waste
were delivered to farms, fertilizer, and pesticide
manufacturers between 1990
and 1995. There were sixty-nine toxins in all. The
EWG has identified
more than six hundred companies in forty-four states that
sent toxic waste to
farms in thirty-eight states. What is this saying about
farmers who purchase
these products? Do they really know what they are buying?
What is this
saying about the fertilizer and pesticide companies? What is this
saying
about our government for allowing this to continue? Is it fair that
ignorance
is forced upon parents who allow their babies to consume the fruit
and
vegetables, which are tainted with deadly poisons? Everyday children are
pushed
by their parents to eat more produce than anyone else is in the name
of healthy
eating. When thinking of children, if the levels of toxins in
possible sources
of food do not account for small children then what about
infants? If a large
portion of our produce is imported from South America and
Mexico, then some of
this produce is ending up in baby food products. There
is not enough protective
legislation for the use of pesticides on produce
that go into baby food, and
what there is, is becoming more laxed every year.
The Environmental Working
Group commissioned a laboratory test of eight
baby food products produced by
three main manufacturers. These manufacturers
are Heinz, Gerber and Beechnut.
They found sixteen different pesticides
within them. There are three suspected
carcinogens, five known carcinogens,
eight neurotoxins, and the last five are
the most toxic chemicals. It is
estimated by some doctors that everyday about
one million children under the
age of five ingest unsafe levels of pesticide
toxins. The American
Association of Poison Control centers estimates that there
are one million
human pesticide poisonings, and about twenty thousand of them
result in death
every year. That is a statistic that the House of
Representatives would
not like their constituents to know. Our heavy use of
chemicals and
pesticides in the environment is not just harmful towards humans,
our
wildlife pays a heavy as well. Animal and insect reproductive patterns
are
being affected, populations are declining and many species are
experiencing an
extordinary increase in deformities. Frogs for example, are
being extremely
affected. In the summer of 1995, a group of teenage students
took a hike near a
pond in Minnesota. Suprisingly, these frogs were found to
have an unusual number
of appendages. These frogs had anywhere from two to
six legs total. In fact, on
of the frogs spotted had three feet on one leg.
Minnesota scientists have cited
the likely cause as being chemical toxins.
Since this incident, deformed frogs
have been found at one hundred and
seventy-four sites in several northern U.S.
states. Aside from having
deformities, the number of frogs in these areas are
dwindiling in numbers.
The frog population is also decreasing in countries like
Australia,
India, Europe, Central and South America, and in the majority of the
western
United States. The Declinig Amphibians Population Task Force was set up
by
the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, and has backing
from
many governments, including the United States. Their scientists are
continuilly
looking for reasons for the mysterious population decreases. It
has been thought
that pesticides used by nearby farms is the leading cause.
Scientists have
discovered that not only are the appendeges of frogs being
affected by
pesticides and chemicals, but the hormonal makeup of other
wildlife is being
affected as well. Many pesticides and other chemicles
released into our
enviornment funtion as endocrine disrupters, alter the
hormonal makeup of
wildlife and humans. Problems in the reproductive system
have been discovered in
harbor seals, snapping turtles, and double crested
cormorants. Behavorial
abnormalities have been cited in different species of
gulls and terns, and
immune suppression in beluga whales, common terns and
gulls has been documented,
according to the National Wildlife Federation. An
NWF study reprts that
endocrine Disruptors have resulted in animal offspring
whose gender distinctions
are unclear. "Alligators, western gulls and rainbow
trout have emerged with
rudimentary sexual organs, and western and herring
gulls have been observed
exhibiting mating behaviors of both genders.." Most
people, no matter what
their view is on pesticide usage, will agree that to
maintain a healthy
lifestyle, eating properly outweighs the risk of ingesting
possible residues.
After all, society knows that fruits and vegetables
are very important to
maintain a balanced diet. So produce must be protected
and maybe there are safer
ways of doing it. In some countries like China,
they encourage the service and
population of spiders and other insect-eating
creatures within their rice crops.
When we spray poisons to kill pests,
we are also killing that pest's natural
predators. The only way individuals
can protect themselves and their children is
to rinse fruit and vegetables
thoroughly under running water. Also peeling
fruits helps to remove surface
residue. Another way to prevent the intake of
pesticides is to throw away the
outer leaves of vegetables. Cooking and baking
foods also helps to kill
residues and bacteria. If society is going to stop the
escalation of
pesticides, then alternative solutions must be explored and put
into
effect.
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