Montserrat Island
Montserrat is a volcanic island in the
Caribbean. On the southern end of the
island is the Soufriere Hills volcano.
The volcano, which first erupted about
100,000 years ago, has been
dormant for centuries. The volcano took the
islanders by surprise when it
began to erupt again in 1995. Since then life on
the island has changed
greatly. Montserrat island is located in a 50 million
year old subduction
zone. This is an area where one of the earth’s oceanic
plates is forced
beneath a more buoyant plate. Fluids rich in water and
dissolved minerals are
taken out of the crust that is being driven into the
earth’s mantle by the
extreme temperatures and pressure. When the fluids rise
they cause the
overlying mantle to melt and form magma. The magma erupts along
the
subduction zone and eventually builds up on itself and forms
volcanic
islands. *
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/west.indies/soufriere/govt/images/forty.jpg
The
volcano began erupting again on July 18, 1995 after remaining silent
for
almost four hundred years. The volcano has erupted numerous times since
then.
The southern part of the island has been evacuated three times.
There are about
3,200 people living on the island today. Of the 8,00 that
fled most plan to
return to the island once the volcano settles down. The
problem is that no one
knows when that will be. It could be a long time
before the people return to the
island. *
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/98/volcanoes/images/1ml-back1.jpg
Volcanic
activity cannot be predicted. Different things happen with
different
volcanoes and none are the same. Looking back at the volcanoes
recent history,
it may be safe to assume that the volcano will continue to
erupt for a number of
years. No one can actually be certain what exactly the
volcano will do in the
years to come. It may decide to settle down for
another four centuries. The only
thing that anyone can really do is watch
what happens and try to keep the people
on the island safe. Since the volcano
began erupting in 1995, the lives of the
people on the island have changed
greatly. Soufriere Hills was once covered in
thick forests and Montserrat was
big on agricultural trade. Now many of the
island’s villages including all of
the villages within eight kilometers of the
volcano have been evacuated. Some
of the other village people still live in fear
of being rained on by pumice
pebbles or their houses or land being hit and
destroyed extremely hot rock
the size of basketballs landing like bombs on their
property. More than 2/3
of the people that lived on the island have fled because
of the volcano.
Soufriere Hills has had a devastating effect on the lives of the
people of
Montserrat. Who knows what is to come in the future for Montserrat.
The
volcano will most likely keep erupting for some time. Hopefully the
people
who live on the island will stay safe. If the volcano does die down,
then maybe
life will begin to return to normal on the island. Most of the
8,000 who fled
will return and probably will try to rebuild the island. The
future of
Montserrat is unpredictable but we can hope that it will be
good.
Bibliography
1.Fall Out: Eye On The Volcano, National
Geographic, 1998, http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/98/volcanoes/.